Bibliography of Mass Spectrometry of Fatty Acids

3‑Pyridylcarbinol ('picolinyl') Esters

The widely used term 'picolinyl ester' is inaccurate and should now be avoided. The correct trivial name is ‘nicotinyl’ esters, but all dubiety is removed if they are given the more systematic name ‘3-pyridylcarbinol’ (picolinyl alcohol is in fact 2-pyridylcarbinol). The following references dealing with mass spectrometry of 3-pyridylcarbinol esters of fatty acids have been collected as part of our regular literature searches for research purposes. The list is as comprehensive as we can manage up to 2023, but it may not be exhaustive. References are listed alphabetically according to the surname of the first author, but not necessarily chronologically for a given author. DOI addresses are listed from 2014 onwards.

Adkisson, H.D., Risener,F.S., Zarrinkar,P.P., Walla,M.D., Christie,W.W. and Wuthier,R.E. Unique fatty acid composition of normal cartilage: discovery of high levels of n-9 eicosatrienoic acid and low levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J., 5, 344-353 (1991).
Akesson-Nilsson, G. and Wesen,C. Structural characterization of 5,6-dichlorotetradecanoic acid, an isolated metabolite of 9,10-dichlorooctadecanoic acid, by studying picolinyl esters, pyrrolidides and methyl esters with electron ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 39, 1313-1320 (2004).
Akinwole, P.O., Lefevre, E., Powell, M.J. and Findlay, R.H. Unique odd-chain polyenoic phospholipid fatty acids present in Chytrid fungi. Lipids, 49, 933-942 (2014) ; DOI.
Altabe, S.G., Aguilar,P., Caballero,G.M. and de Mendoza,D. The Bacillus subtilis acyl lipid desaturase is a 5 desaturase. J. Bact., 185, 3228-3231 (2003).
Ando, Y., Kawabata,Y., Narukawa,K. and Ota,T. Demospongic acids of the marine sponge Halichondria panicea from the coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Fisheries Sci., 64, 136-139 (1998).
Augustyn, O.P.H., Ferreira,D. and Kock,J.L.F. Differentiation between yeast species, and strains within a species, by cellular fatty acid analysis. 4. Saccharomyces-sensu-stricto, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomycodes and Wickerhamiella. System. Appl. Microbiol., 14, 324-334 (1991).
Augustyn, O.P.H., Kock,J.L.F. and Ferreira,D. Differentiation between yeast species, and strains within a species, by cellular fatty acid analysis. 5. A feasible technique? System. Appl. Microbiol., 15, 105-115 (1992).
Balazy, M. and Nies,A.S. Characterization of epoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids by mass spectrometry via 3-pyridinylmethyl esters. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom., 18, 328-336 (1989).
Berdeaux, O., Gregoire,S., Fournier,C., Christie,W.W., Lambelet,P. and Sebedio,J.L. Detection of lactobacillic acid in low erucic rapeseed oil - A note of caution when quantifying cyclic fatty acid monomers in vegetable oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 163, 698-702 (2010).
Berdeaux, O., Juaneda,P. and Sebedio,J.L. Analysis of conjugated and trans fatty acids after derivatization. Analusis, 26, M45-M51 (1998).
Bertelsen, O. and Dinh-Nguyen,N. Structure elucidation of alkyl-branched chain aliphatic alcohols and FA by mass spectrometry of their respective alkyl nicotinate and picolinyl carboxylate derivatives. Fette Seifen Anstrichm., 87, 336-342 (1985).
Brechany, E.Y. and Christie,W.W. Identification of the unsaturated oxo fatty acids in cheese. J. Dairy Res., 61, 111-115 (1994).
Brechany, E.Y. and Christie,W.W. Identification of the saturated oxo fatty acids in cheese. J. Dairy Res., 59, 57-64 (1992).
Budge, S.M. and Parrish,C.C. FA determination in cold water marine samples. Lipids, 38, 781-791 (2003).
Carballeira, N.M. and Reyes,M. Identification of a new 6-bromo-5,9-eicosadienoic acid from the anemone Condylactis gigantea and the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum. J. Nat. Prod., 58, 1689-1694 (1995).
Carreto, L., Moore,E., Nobre,M.F., Wait,R., Riley,P.W., Sharp,R.J. and Dacosta,M.S. Rubrobacter xylanophilus sp.nov.: a new thermophilic species isolated from a thermally polluted effluent. Int. J. System. Bact., 46, 460-465 (1996).
Choma, A. and Komaniecka,I. Straight and branched (omega-1)-hydroxylated very long chain fatty acids are components of Bradyrhizobium lipid A. Acta Biochim. Polon., 58, 51-57 (2011).
Christie, W.W. The chromatographic analysis of lipids. In: 'The Lipid Handbook - 3rd edition', pp. 426-455 (edited by F.D. Gunstone, J.L. Harwood and A. Dijkstra, Chapman & Hall, London) (2007).
Christie, W.W. HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of fatty acids in 'Fats for the Future', pp. 335-344 (edited by R.C. Cambie, Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester). (1989).
Christie, W.W. Mass spectrometry of fatty acids with methylene-interrupted ene-yne systems. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 94, 35-41 (1998).
Christie, W.W. Mass spectrometry of fatty acid derivatives. In: Applications of Modern Mass Spectrometry in Plant Science Research (Proc. Phytochemical Society of Europe), pp. 195-209 (edited by R.P. Newton and T.J. Walton, Clarendon Press, Oxford). (1996).
Christie, W.W. Structural analysis of fatty acids. In: Advances in Lipid Methodology - Four, pp. 119-169 (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Dundee) (1997).
Christie, W.W. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods for structural analysis of fatty acids. Lipids, 33, 343-353 (1998).
Christie, W.W. Recent developments in high-performance liquid and gas chromatography of lipids. Rev. Franc. Corps Gras, 38, 155-160 (1991).
Christie, W.W. 13-Phenyltridec-9-enoic and 15-phenylpentadec-9-enoic acids in Arum maculatum seed oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 105, 779-780 (2003).
Christie, W.W. and Dobson,G. Formation of cyclic fatty acids during the frying process. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 102, 515-520 (2000).
Christie, W.W. and Han, X. Lipid Analysis - Isolation, Separation, Identification and Lipidomic Analysis (4^th edition), 446 pages (Oily Press, Woodhead Publishing and now Elsevier) (2010) - see Science Direct.
Christie, W.W. and Stefanov,K. Separation of picolinyl ester derivatives of fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography for identification by mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 392, 259-265 (1987).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y. and Holman,R.T. Mass spectra of the picolinyl esters of isomeric mono- and dienoic fatty acids. Lipids, 22, 224-228 (1987).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y. and Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. Mass spectra of the picolinyl ester derivatives of some isomeric dimethylene-interrupted octadecadiynoic acids. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 46, 225-229 (1988).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y. and Shukla,V.K.S. Analysis of seed oils containing cyclopentenyl fatty acids by combined chromatographic procedures. Lipids, 24, 116-120 (1989).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y. and Stefanov,K. Silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of complex fatty acid mixtures: application to marine invertebrates. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 46, 127-136 (1988).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Gunstone,F.D., Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. and Holman,R.T. Mass spectra of the picolinyl esters of some non-methylene-interrupted octadecadienoic acids. Lipids, 22, 664-666 (1987).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Johnson,S.B. and Holman,R.T. A comparison of pyrrolidide and picolinyl ester derivatives for the identification of fatty acids in natural samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipids, 21, 657-661 (1986).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. and Bakare,O. MS characterization of picolinyl and methyl ester derivatives of isomeric thia fatty acids. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 629-635 (1991).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Lie Ken Jie,M.S.F. and Wong,C.F. Mass spectrometry of derivatives of isomeric allenic fatty acids. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 21, 267-270 (1992).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Marekov,I.N., Stefanov,K.L. and Andreev,S.N. The fatty acids of the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea from the Black Sea. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 109, 245-252 (1994).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Sebedio,J.L. and Le Quere,J.L. Silver ion chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of cyclic monoenoic acids formed in frying oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 66, 143-153 (1993).
Christie, W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Stefanov,K. and Popov,S. The fatty acids of the sponge Dysidea fragilis from the Black Sea. Lipids, 27, 640-644 (1992).
Christie, W.W., Hamilton,J.T.G. and Harper,D.B. Mass spectrometry of fluorinated fatty acids in the seed oil of Dichapetalum toxicarium. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 97, 41-47 (1998).
Cox, A.D. and Wilkinson,S.G. Polar lipids and fatty acids of Pseudomonas cepacia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1001, 60-67 (1989).
Dembitsky, V.M., Rezanka,T. and Shubina,E.E. Unusual hydroxy fatty acids from some higher fungi. Phytochemistry, 34, 1057-1059 (1993).
Demirbuker, M., Blomberg,L.G., Olsson,N.U., Bergqvist,M., Herslof,B.G. and Jacobs,F.A. Characterization of triacylglycerols in the seeds of Aquilegia vulgaris by chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Lipids, 27, 436-441 (1992).
Desmarais, A., Sebedio, J.L., Belkacemi, K., Arul, J. and Angers, P. Formation kinetics of monomeric cyclic fatty acid methyl esters of alpha-linolenic acid: effects of mono cis/trans isomers. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 97, 615-624 (2020); DOI.
Destaillats, F. and Angers,P. One-step methodology for the synthesis of FA picolinyl esters from intact lipids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 79, 253-256 (2002).
Destaillats, F., Trottier,J.P., Galvez,J.M.G. and Angers,P. Analysis of alpha-linolenic acid biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat with emphasis on conjugated linolenic acids. J. Dairy Sci., 88, 3231-3239 (2005).
Destaillats, F., Wolff,R.L. and Angers,P. Saturated and unsaturated anteiso-C-19 acids in the seed lipids from Hesperopeuce mertensiana (Pinaceae). Lipids, 37, 325-328 (2002).
Deterding, L.J. and Gross,M.L. Fast-atom-bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry for determining structures of fatty acids as their picolinyl esters. Anal. Chim. Acta, 200, 431-445 (1987).
Dobson, G. Cyclic fatty acids: qualitative and quantitative analysis. In: 'Lipid Analysis in Oils and Fats', pp. 136-180 (edited by R.J. Hamilton, Blackie, London) (1998).
Dobson, G. and Christie,W.W. Structural analysis of fatty acids by mass spectrometry of picolinyl esters and dimethyloxazoline derivatives. Trends Anal. Chem., 15, 130-137 (1996).
Dobson, G. and Christie,W.W. Mass spectrometry of fatty acid derivatives. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 104, 36-43 (2002).
Dobson, G., Christie,W.W. and Sebedio,J.L. Saturated bicyclic fatty acids formed in heated sunflower oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 87, 137-147 (1997).
Dobson, G., Christie,W.W. and Sebedio,J.L. The nature of cyclic fatty acids formed in heated vegetable oils. Grasas Aceites, 47, 26-33 (1996).
Dobson, G., Christie,W.W. and Sebedio,J.L. Monocyclic saturated fatty acids formed from oleic acid in heated sunflower oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 82, 101-110 (1996).
Dobson, G., Christie,W.W., Brechany,E.Y., Sebedio,J.L. and Le Quere,J.L. Silver ion chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of cyclic dienoic fatty acids formed in frying oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 75, 171-182 (1995).
Dowd, M.K. Identification of the unsaturated heptadecyl fatty acids in the seed oils of Thespesia populnea and Gossypium hirsutum. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 89, 1599-1609 (2012).
Dubois, N., Barnathan,G., Gouygou,J.P. and Berge,J.P. Gas chromatographic behavior of fatty acid derivatives for mass spectrometry on low-polarity capillary columns. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 111, 688-697 (2009).
Dubois, N., Barthomeuf,C. and Berge,J.P. Convenient preparation of picolinyl derivatives from fatty acid esters. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 108, 28-32 (2006).
Eibler, D., Hammerschick, T., Buck, L. and Vetter, W. Up to 21 different sulfur-heterocyclic fatty acids in rapeseed and mustard oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 94, 893-903 (2017); DOI.
Fardin-Kia, A.R. Preparation, isolation and identification of non-conjugated C18:2 fatty acid isomers. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 201, 50-58 (2016); DOI.
Ginies, C., Brillard, J. and Nguyen-The, C. Identification of fatty acids in Bacillus cereus. J. Vis. Exp., 118, e54960 (2016); DOI.
Grav, H.J., Asiedu,D.K. and Berge,R.K., Gas chromatographic measurement of 3-thia and 4-thia fatty acids incorporated into various classes of rat liver lipids during feeding experiments. J. Chromatogr. B, 658, 1-10 (1994).
Gómez-Cortés, P., Tyburczy,C., Brenna,J.T., Juárez,M. and Angel de la Fuente,M. Characterization of cis-9,trans-11,trans-15-C18:3 in milk fat by GC and covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem MS. J. Lipid Res., 50, 2412-2420 (2009).
Griffiths, G., Brechany,E.Y., Jackson,F.M., Christie,W.W., Stymne,S. and Stobart,A.K. Distribution and biosynthesis of stearidonic acid in leaves of Borago officinalis. Phytochemistry, 43, 381-386 (1996).
Hamilton, J.T.G. and Christie,W.W. Mechanisms for ion formation during the electron impact-mass spectrometry of picolinyl ester and 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives of fatty acids. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 105, 93-104 (2000).
Hammann, S., Tillmann, U., Schroder, M. and Vetter, W. Profiling the fatty acids from a strain of the microalgae Alexandrium tamarense by means of high-speed counter-current chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1312, 93-103 (2013).
Harvey, D.J. Picolinyl esters as derivatives for the structural determination of long chain branched and unsaturated fatty acids. Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 9, 33-38 (1982).
Harvey, D.J. Picolinyl derivatives for the structural determination of fatty acids by mass spectrometry. Applications to polyenoic acids, hydroxy acids, di-acids and related compounds. Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 11, 340-347 (1984).
Harvey, D.J. Picolinyl derivatives for the characterization of cyclopropane fatty acids by mass spectrometry. Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 11, 187-192 (1984).
Harvey, D.J. Identification of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from human cerumen by the use of picolinyl and nicotinate esters. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom., 18, 719-723 (1989).
Harvey, D.J. Identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from Meibomian glands using picolinyl and nicotinate derivatives. Biomed. Chromatogr., 3, 251-254 (1989).
Harvey, D.J. Long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from gerbil meibomian glands. J. Chromatogr. B, 494, 23-30 (1989).
Harvey, D.J. Identification by GC and MS of lipids from the rat Harderian gland. J. Chromatogr. B, 565, 27-34 (1991).
Harvey, D.J. Lipids from the guinea pig harderian gland - use of picolinyl and other pyridine-containing derivatives to investigate the structures of novel branched-chain fatty acids and glycerol ethers. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 61-69 (1991).
Harvey, D.J. Mass spectrometry of picolinyl and other nitrogen-containing derivatives of fatty acids. In: 'Advances in Lipid Methodology - One' (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Ayr), pp. 19-80 (1992).
Harvey, D.J. Identification and quantification of lipids from rabbit harderian glands by GC-MS. Biomed. Chromatogr., 5, 143-147 (1991).
Harvey, D.J. Picolinyl esters for the structural determination of fatty acids by GC/MS. Mol. Biotech., 10, 251-260 (1998).
Harvey, D.J. Pyridine-containing derivatives for the structural elucidation of the alkyl chains of lipids by MS and a comparison with the spectra of related heterocyclic derivatives. Spectros. Int. J., 8, 211-244 (1990).
Harvey, D.J. and Tiffany,J.M. Identification of meibomian gland lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: application to the meibomian lipids of the mouse. J. Chromatogr. A, 301, 173-188 (1984).
Harvey, D.J., Tiffany,J.M., Duerden,J.M., Pandher,K.S. and Mengher,L.S. Identification by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of constituent long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from the meibomian glands of the rat and a comparison with human meibomian glands. J. Chromatogr. B, 414, 253-263 (1987).
Hastings, N., Agaba,M., Tocher,D.R., Leaver,M.J., Dick,J.R., Sargent,J.R. and Teale,A.J. A vertebrate fatty acid desaturase with 5 and 6 activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 14304-14309 (2001).
Hauff, S. and Vetter,W. Exploring the fatty acids of vernix caseosa in form of their methyl esters by off-line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 8270-8278 (2010).
Hauff, S., Rilfors,L., Hottinger,G. and Vetter,W. Structure and absolute configuration of an unsaturated anteiso fatty acid from Bacillus megaterium. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 1683-1687 (2010).
Hierro, M.T.G., Robertson, G., Christie, W.W. and Joh, Y.-G. The fatty acid composition of the seeds of Ginkgo biloba. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 575-579 (1996).
Holmback, J., Karlsson,A.A. and Arnoldsson,K.C. Characterization of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and acylphosphatidylglycerol in oats. Lipids, 36, 153-165 (2001).
Honda, A., Yamashita,K., Hara,T., Ikegami,T., Miyazaki,T., Shirai,M., Xu,G.R., Numazawa,M. and Matsuzaki,Y. Highly sensitive quantification of key regulatory oxysterols in biological samples by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J. Lipid Res., 50, 350-357 (2009).
Holste, J., Mugge, C., Distler, C. and Schulz, S. The uropygial gland of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo): II. Biochemical analysis of the uropygial secretion. J. Ornithology, 164, 605-619 (2023); DOI.
Honda, A., Yamashita,K., Miyazaki,H., Shirai,M., Ikegami,T., Xu,G., Numazawa,M., Hara,T. and Matsuzaki,Y. Highly sensitive analysis of sterol profiles in human serum by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J. Lipid Res., 49, 2063-2073 (2008).
Illijas, M.I., Kim, G.W., Honda, M. and Itabashi, Y. Characteristics of fatty acids from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). Algal Res.-Biomass Biofuels Bioproducts, 71, 103005 (2023); DOI.
Joh, Y.-G., Brechany,E.Y. and Christie,W.W. Characterization of wax esters in the roe oil of amber fish, Seriola aureovittata. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 72, 707-713 (1995).
Joh, Y.G., Elenkov,I.J., Stefanov,K.L., Popov,S.S., Dobson,G. and Christie,W.W. Novel di-, tri-, and tetraenoic fatty acids with bis-methylene-interrupted double-bond systems from the sponge Haliclona cinerea. Lipids, 32, 13-17 (1997).
Joh, Y.-G., Kim,S.-J. and Christie,W.W. The structure of the triacylglycerols containing punicic acid in the seed oil of Trichosanthes kirilowii. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 72, 1037-1042 (1995).
Johnson, D.W., Beckman,K., Fellenberg,A.J., Robinson,B.S. and Poulos,A. Monoenoic fatty acids in human brain lipids: isomer identification and distribution. Lipids, 27, 177-180 (1992).
Kaffarnik, S., Preuss, S. and Vetter, W. Direct determination of flavor relevant and further branched-chain fatty acids from sheep subcutaneous adipose tissue by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1350, 92-101 (2014); DOI.
Kawashima, H. Unusual minor nonmethylene-interrupted di-, tri-, and tetraenoic fatty acids in limpet gonads. Lipids, 40, 627-630 (2005).
Kawashima, H. Novel non-methylene-interrupted dienoic and trienoic fatty acids with a terminal double bond in ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma. Lipids, 55, 285-290 (2020); DOI.
Kawashima, H. Diverse odd-chain monoenoic fatty acids and novel non-methylene-interrupted heptadecadienoic acids in ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma. Lipids, 53, 841-847 (2018); DOI.
Kawashima, H. and Ohnishi, M. Novel odd-chain fatty acids with a terminal double bond in ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma. Lipids, 52, 375-381 (2017); DOI.
Kawashima, H. and Ohnishi, M. Occurrence of novel nonmethylene-interrupted C-24 polyenoic fatty acids in female gonad lipids of the limpet Cellana grata. Biosci. Biotechn. Biochem., 70, 2575-2578 (2006).
Kawashima, H. and Ohnishi, M. Novel heneicosadienoic and tricosadienoic acid isomers in ovaries of marine Archaeogastropods. Lipids, 47, 827-833 (2012).
Kawashima, H. and Ohnishi, M. An unprecedented occurrence of Delta 5,9-and Delta 9,15-dienoic fatty acids in ovaries of the archaeogastropod limpet Cellana toreuma. Lipids, 51, 257-262 (2016); DOI.
Kawashima, H., Ohnishi,M., Ogawa,S. and Matsui,K. Unusual fatty acid isomers of triacylglycerols and polar lipids in female limpet gonads of Cellana grata. Lipids, 43, 559-567 (2008).
Kawashima, H., Toyooka, N., Okada, T., Nguyen, H.D., Nishikawa, Y., Miura, Y., Inoue, N. and Kimura, K. Identification and total synthesis of two previously unreported odd-chain bis-methylene-interrupted fatty acids with a terminal olefin that activate protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) in ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma. Marine Drugs, 17, 410 (2019); DOI.
Keum, Y.S., Park, H.W., Song, H.H., Kim, B.-D., Kang, B.-C and Kim, J.H. Metabolite analysis of long chain branched fatty acids and capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum placenta. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 55, 189-195 (2012); DOI.
Kim, C.S., Lim, D.H. and Keum, Y.S. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid pyridylcarbinol ester for the analysis of seed lipids. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 93, 339-346 (2016); DOI.
Kim, S.J. and Joh, Y.G. Occurrence of cis-4-tetradecenoic acid in the oils of kernels of Lindera erythrocarpa seeds, as a major component. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 15, 107-111 (2006).
Knothe, G. and Steidley, K.R. Composition of some Apiaceae seed oils includes phytochemicals, and mass spectrometry of fatty acid 2-methoxyethyl esters. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 121, 1800386 (2019); DOI.
Knothe, G., Phoo, Z.W.M.M., de Castro M.E.G. and Razon, L.F. Fatty acid profile of Albizia lebbeck and Albizia saman seed oils: Presence of coronaric acid. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 117, 567-574 (2015); DOI.
Knothe, G., Rashid, U., Yusup, S. and Anwar, F. Fatty acids of Thespesia populnea: mass spectrometry of picolinyl esters of cyclopropene fatty acids. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 113, 980-984 (2011).
Kurkiewicz, S. and Kurkiewicz, A. Profiling of bacterial cellular fatty acids by pyrolytic derivatization to 3-pyridylcarbinol esters. J. Anal. Chem., 70, 1225-1228 (2015); DOI.
Kurkiewicz, S., Dzierzewicz, Z., Wilczok, T. and Dworzanski, J.P. GC/MS determination of fatty acid picolinyl esters by direct curie-point pyrolysis of whole bacterial cells. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 14, 58-62 (2003).
Leth, T. Chemometric analysis of mass spectra of cis and trans fatty acid picolinyl esters. Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 205, 111-115 (1997).
Li, X.N. and Franke, A.A. Improved LC-MS method for the determination of fatty acids in red blood cells by LC-Orbitrap MS. Anal. Chem., 83, 3192-3198 (2011).
Li, Y., Monroig, O., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Zheng, X., Dick, J.R., You, C. and Tocher, D.R. Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Delta4 activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 16840-16845 (2010); DOI.
Libert, R., Van Hoof,F., Thillaye,M., Vincent,M.F., Nassogne,M.C., de Hoffmann,E. and Schanck,A. Identification of undescribed medium-chain acylcarnitines present in urine of patients with propionic and methylmalonic acidemias. Clin. Chim. Acta, 295, 87-96 (2000).
Libert, R., Van Hoof,F., Thillaye,M., Vincent,M.F., Nassogne,M.C., Stroobant,V., de Hoffmann,E. and Schanck,A. Identification of new medium-chain acylcarnitines present in urine of a patient with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J. Inher. Metab. Dis., 22, 9-18 (1999).
Libert, R., Van Hoof,F., Thillaye,M., Vincent,M.F., Nassogne,M.C., Stroobant,V., de Hoffmann,E. and Schanck,A. Identification of new medium-chain acylcarnitines present in normal human urine. Anal. Biochem., 251, 196-205 (1997).
Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F. and Cheung,Y.K. Mass spectral studies on methyl and picolinyl ester derivatives of isomeric selena fatty acids. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 21, 505-508 (1992).
Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F. and Choi,Y.C. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the picolinyl ester derivatives of deuterated acetylenic fatty acids. J. Chromatogr. A, 625, 271-276 (1992).
Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F. and Choi,Y.C. Mass spectral determination of deuterium-labelled picolinyl fatty esters in the determination of double bond position. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, 1245-1247 (1992).
Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F. and Choi,Y.C. GC-MS of saturated and unsaturated even and odd-number long chain fatty acids by analysis of the picolinyl esters. Application to a Chinese medicinial seed (Cuscuta semen) seed oil. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Chem., 3, 121-128 (1991).
Lie Ken Jie, M.S.F., Cheung,Y.K., Chau,S.H., Christie,W.W. and Brechany,E.Y. Mass spectra of the picolinyl ester derivatives of some conjugated diacetylenic acids. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 63, 65-68 (1992).
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