Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)

LMPD ID
LMP011422
Gene ID
828321
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis)
Gene Name
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
Gene Symbol
IM
Synonyms
IM1; IMMUTANS; PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE; PTOX; T10I14.90; T10I14_90
Alternate Names
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
Chromosome
4
EC Number
1.10.3.11
Summary
Similar to mitochondrial alternative oxidase. im mutants have a variegated phenotype and fail to differentiate chloroplasts in the majority of their cells under high light intensity continuous illumination. The white tissues of immutans accumulate phytoene, a non-colored C40 carotenoid intermediate. This suggests that immutans controls, either directly or indirectly, the activity of phytoene desaturase (PDS), the enzyme that converts phytoene to zeta-carotene in higher plants. However, im is not the structural gene for PDS. It is located in the lumenar face of the thylakoid membrane. IM is expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues.
Orthologs
View orthologs and multiple alignments for IM

Proteins

alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
Refseq ID NP_567658
Protein GI 18415888
UniProt ID Q56X52
mRNA ID NM_118352
Length 351
RefSeq Status REVIEWED
MAAISGISSGTLTISRPLVTLRRSRAAVSYSSSHRLLHHLPLSSRRLLLRNNHRVQATILQDDEEKVVVEESFKAETSTGTEPLEEPNMSSSSTSAFETWIIKLEQGVNVFLTDSVIKILDTLYRDRTYARFFVLETIARVPYFAFMSVLHMYETFGWWRRADYLKVHFAESWNEMHHLLIMEELGGNSWWFDRFLAQHIATFYYFMTVFLYILSPRMAYHFSECVESHAYETYDKFLKASGEELKNMPAPDIAVKYYTGGDLYLFDEFQTSRTPNTRRPVIENLYDVFVNIRDDEAEHCKTMRACQTLGSLRSPHSILEDDDTEEESGCVVPEEAHCEGIVDCLKKSITS

Gene Information

Entrez Gene ID
828321
Gene Name
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
Gene Symbol
IM
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana

Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)

GO ID Source Type Description
GO:0009507 IEA:UniProtKB-KW C chloroplast
GO:0009509 IEA:UniProtKB-KW C chromoplast
GO:0016021 IEA:UniProtKB-KW C integral component of membrane
GO:0070469 IEA:UniProtKB-KW C respiratory chain
GO:0009579 IDA:TAIR C thylakoid
GO:0009916 ISS:TAIR F alternative oxidase activity
GO:0046872 IEA:UniProtKB-KW F metal ion binding
GO:0016117 IMP:TAIR P carotenoid biosynthetic process
GO:0009657 IMP:TAIR P plastid organization

Domain Information

InterPro Annotations

Accession Description
IPR002680 Alternative oxidase

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name
alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS
Protein Entry
AOX4_ARATH
UniProt ID
Q56X52
Species
Arabidopsis

Comments

Comment Type Description
Catalytic Activity 2 ubiquinol + O(2) = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H(2)O. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15032871, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16449381}.
Cofactor Name=Fe cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:24875; Note=Binds 2 iron ions per subunit.;
Developmental Stage Expressed throughout the development of the leaves. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14504923}.
Disruption Phenotype Variegated cotyledons and leaves. The amount of white tissue increases with light intensity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7920709}.
Function Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10938359, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11553735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14504923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15032871, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16249174, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16449381, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19386811, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7920709, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9878631, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9878632}.
Sequence Caution Sequence=BAD94037.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAA16776.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAB79181.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Similarity Belongs to the alternative oxidase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Stromal side. Plastid, chromoplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=localized to the stromal thylakoid lamellae. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14504923}.
Tissue Specificity Ubiquitous. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11553735}.

Identical and Related Proteins

Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP011422 (as displayed in Record Overview)

Protein GI Database Accession Length Protein Name
18415888 RefSeq NP_567658 351 alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS

Identical Sequences to LMP011422 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:18415888 GenBank AAG41480.1 351 unknown protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 GenBank AAK00399.1 351 unknown protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 GenBank AAK74057.1 351 AT4g22260/T10I14_90 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 GenBank AAN18127.1 351 At4g22260/T10I14_90 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 GenBank AEE84583.1 351 alternative oxidase protein IMMUTANS [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 SwissProt Q56X52.2 351 RecName: Full=Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; AltName: Full=Alternative oxidase 4; AltName: Full=Plastid terminal oxidase; AltName: Full=Protein IMMUTANS; Flags: Precursor [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Related Sequences to LMP011422 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:18415888 EMBL CAA16776.1 335 putative protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 EMBL CAA06190.1 351 Immutans protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 EMBL CAB79181.1 335 putative protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:18415888 GenBank ABE18945.1 351 Sequence 2 from patent US 6989472
GI:18415888 GenBank EFH44038.1 351 hypothetical protein ARALYDRAFT_492640 [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata]
GI:18415888 RefSeq XP_002867779.1 351 hypothetical protein ARALYDRAFT_492640 [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata]