Gene/Proteome Database (LMPD)

LMPD ID
LMP010542
Gene ID
824408
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis)
Gene Name
protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Gene Symbol
PAD4
Synonyms
ARABIDOPSIS PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4; ATPAD4; PAD4; PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Alternate Names
protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Chromosome
3
EC Number
2.3.1.-
Summary
Encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling and function in resistance (R) gene-mediated and basal plant disease resistance. PAD4 can interact directly with EDS1, another disease resistance signaling protein. Expressed at elevated level in response to green peach aphid (GPA) feeding, and modulates the GPA feeding-induced leaf senescence through a mechanism that doesn't require camalexin synthesis and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Required for the ssi2-dependent heightened resistance to GPA.
Orthologs
View orthologs and multiple alignments for PAD4

Proteins

protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Refseq ID NP_190811
Protein GI 15231218
UniProt ID Q9S745
mRNA ID NM_115103
Length 541
RefSeq Status REVIEWED
MDDCRFETSELQASVMISTPLFTDSWSSCNTANCNGSIKIHDIAGITYVAIPAVSMIQLGNLVGLPVTGDVLFPGLSSDEPLPMVDAAILKLFLQLKIKEGLELELLGKKLVVITGHSTGGALAAFTALWLLSQSSPPSFRVFCITFGSPLLGNQSLSTSISRSRLAHNFCHVVSIHDLVPRSSNEQFWPFGTYLFCSDKGGVCLDNAGSVRLMFNILNTTATQNTEEHQRYGHYVFTLSHMFLKSRSFLGGSIPDNSYQAGVALAVEALGFSNDDTSGVLVKECIETATRIVRAPILRSAELANELASVLPARLEIQWYKDRCDASEEQLGYYDFFKRYSLKRDFKVNMSRIRLAKFWDTVIKMVETNELPFDFHLGKKWIYASQFYQLLAEPLDIANFYKNRDIKTGGHYLEGNRPKRYEVIDKWQKGVKVPEECVRSRYASTTQDTCFWAKLEQAKEWLDEARKESSDPQRRSLLREKIVPFESYANTLVTKKEVSLDVKAKNSSYSVWEANLKEFKCKMGYENEIEMVVDESDAMET

Gene Information

Entrez Gene ID
824408
Gene Name
protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Gene Symbol
PAD4
Species
Arabidopsis thaliana

Gene Ontology (GO Annotations)

GO ID Source Type Description
GO:0005737 IDA:UniProtKB C cytoplasm
GO:0005634 IDA:UniProtKB C nucleus
GO:0016298 ISS:TAIR F lipase activity
GO:0016740 IEA:UniProtKB-KW F transferase activity
GO:0010618 IMP:TAIR P aerenchyma formation
GO:0071327 IDA:UniProtKB P cellular response to trehalose stimulus
GO:0009816 IMP:UniProtKB P defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
GO:0002213 IMP:TAIR P defense response to insect
GO:0009873 IEA:UniProtKB-KW P ethylene-activated signaling pathway
GO:0010150 IMP:TAIR P leaf senescence
GO:0016042 IEA:UniProtKB-KW P lipid catabolic process
GO:0031348 IMP:TAIR P negative regulation of defense response
GO:0010105 IGI:UniProtKB P negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway
GO:0009626 IEA:UniProtKB-KW P plant-type hypersensitive response
GO:1901183 IMP:UniProtKB P positive regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process
GO:0010942 IMP:UniProtKB P positive regulation of cell death
GO:1900426 IMP:UniProtKB P positive regulation of defense response to bacterium
GO:1900367 IMP:UniProtKB P positive regulation of defense response to insect
GO:0080151 IGI:UniProtKB P positive regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010310 IMP:TAIR P regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
GO:2000022 IGI:UniProtKB P regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0080142 IMP:UniProtKB P regulation of salicylic acid biosynthetic process
GO:2000031 IMP:UniProtKB P regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010225 IMP:UniProtKB P response to UV-C
GO:0009617 IDA:UniProtKB P response to bacterium
GO:0001666 IMP:TAIR P response to hypoxia
GO:0009625 IDA:UniProtKB P response to insect
GO:0051707 IEP:TAIR P response to other organism
GO:0009751 IDA:UniProtKB P response to salicylic acid
GO:0009627 IEP:TAIR P systemic acquired resistance
GO:0009862 IMP:UniProtKB P systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway

Domain Information

InterPro Annotations

Accession Description
IPR029058 Alpha/Beta hydrolase fold
IPR002921 Fungal lipase-like domain

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name
protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Protein Entry
PAD4_ARATH
UniProt ID
Q9S745
Species
Arabidopsis

Comments

Comment Type Description
Disruption Phenotype Impaired camalexin accumulation, reduced synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET), and altered expression of pathogenesis-related genes (e.g. PR1, ALD1, BGL2 and PR5) upon some pathogenic infections (e.g. P.syringae) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) recognition. Loss of the systemic acquired resistance response. Reduced fitness characterized by lower seed yield and survival rate. Increased sensitivity to P.syringae, H.arabidopsidis, turnip crinkle virus (TCV) and E.orontii. These phenotypes are reversed by SA treatment. Altered sensitivity to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling. Decreased susceptibility to the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) that mediates programmed cell death (PCD). Impaired induction of EDS5/SID1 expression after UV-C light exposure and pathogen attack. Altered LSD1-dependent acclimatization to light conditions that promote excess excitation energy (EEE). Impaired formation of lysigenous aerenchyma in response to hypoxia. Reduced resistance against green peach aphid (GPA, M.persicae) due to increased phloem sap uptake, reduced accumulation of antibiotic activity in petiole exudates, and delayed leaf senescence in insect-infested tissue, including chlorophyll loss, cell death, and senescence associated genes (SAG) expression. Loss of [5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]- piperidine-1-ylmethanethione- (DFPM-) induced root growth arrest and inhibition of stomatal closing mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10796016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11041879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11595797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11826312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11846877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14617091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15347794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15447647, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15773856, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16353557, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16813576, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17431038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17725549, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18005228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18055613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18266921, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20367470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22353573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23400705, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8725243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136026, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9634589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9881167}.
Function Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS- LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) and avirulent pathogens (e.g. P.syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 avrRps4 and pv. maculicola, turnip crinkle virus (TCV), and H.arabidopsidis isolates CALA2, EMOY2, EMWA1 and HIND4). Together with EDS1, confers a basal resistance by restricting the growth of virulent pathogens (e.g. H.arabidopsidis isolates NOCO2 and EMCO5, E.orontii isolate MGH, and P.syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 or expressing HopW1-1 (HopPmaA)). Necessary for the salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response that involves expression of multiple defense responses, including synthesis of the phytoalexin camalexin and expression of pathogenesis-related genes (e.g. PR1, ALD1, BGL2 and PR5) in response to pathogens, triggering a signal amplification loop that increases SA levels via EDS5 and SID2, but, together with EDS1, seems to repress the ethylene/jasmonic acid (ET/JA) defense pathway. May also function in response to abiotic stresses such as UV-C light and LSD1-dependent acclimatization to light conditions that promote excess excitation energy (EEE), probably by transducing redox signals and modulating stomatal conductance. Regulates the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma in hypocotyls in response to hypoxia, maybe via hydrogen peroxide production. Modulates leaf senescence in insect-infested tissue and triggers a phloem-based defense mechanism including antibiosis (e.g. green peach aphid (GPA), M.persicae) to limit phloem sap uptake and insect growth, thus providing an EDS1-independent basal resistance to insects. Also involved in regulation of root meristematic zone- targeted growth arrest together with EDS1 and in a VICTR-dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10796016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11041879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11595797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11826312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11846877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14617091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15347794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15447647, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15773856, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16353557, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16813576, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17431038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17725549, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18005228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18055613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18266921, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20367470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22072959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22353573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23400705, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8725243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136026, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9634589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9881167}.
Induction By benzothiadiazole (BTH), at site of green peach aphid feeding (GPA, M.persicae) via TPS11-dependent trehalose accumulation, and H.arabidopsidis. Induced by P.syringae in a NPR1-independent manner, and by salicylic acid (SA) in a NPR1- dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10557364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21426427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22990443}.
Interaction Q9SU72:T17F15.40; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1390441, EBI-1390454;
Similarity Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Can move to the cytoplasm when in complex with EDS1.
Subunit Part of a nuclear complex made of EDS1, SG101 and PAD4 that can be redirected to the cytoplasm in the presence of an extranuclear form of EDS1. Sabilized by direct interaction with EDS1 in infected leaves. Part of a nuclear protein complex made of VICTR, PAD4 and EDS1 (PubMed:23275581). Interacts with VICTR (PubMed:23275581). Interacts with EDS1 (PubMed:24331460). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11574472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16040633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21434927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22072959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23275581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24331460}.

Identical and Related Proteins

Unique RefSeq proteins for LMP010542 (as displayed in Record Overview)

Protein GI Database Accession Length Protein Name
15231218 RefSeq NP_190811 541 protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4

Identical Sequences to LMP010542 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46046.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46047.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46051.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46052.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46053.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank AEE78945.1 541 protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Related Sequences to LMP010542 proteins

Reference Database Accession Length Protein Name
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46042.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46049.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46050.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46054.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46055.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
GI:15231218 GenBank ABR46056.1 541 phytoalexin deficient 4 [Arabidopsis thaliana]