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LMPD Database

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LMP001118

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
Protein Entry	LCAT_HUMAN
UniProt ID	P04180
Species	Human

Comments

Comment type	Description
Biophysicochemical Properties	Kinetic parameters: KM=0.97 mM for LDL ; KM=0.4 mM for HDL(2) ; KM=0.10 mM for HDL(3) ; Vmax=8.3 mmol/min/mg enzyme with LDL as substrate ; Vmax=0.58 mmol/min/mg enzyme with HDL(2) as substrate ; Vmax=2.0 mmol/min/mg enzyme with HDL(3) as substrate ; Note=Affinity for LDL is 2.3 to 4-fold lower than for HDL. Relative reactivities are 16% for HDL(3), 1.3% for HDL(2) and 6.5% for LDL.;
Catalytic Activity	Phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = 1- acylglycerophosphocholine + a sterol ester. {ECO
Disease	Fish-eye disease (FED) [MIM
Disease	Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCATD) [MIM
Enzyme Regulation	APOA1 is the most potent activator in plasma. Also activated by APOE, APOC1 and APOA4.
Function	Central enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs). The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver. Has a preference for plasma 16:0-18:2 or 18:O-18:2 phosphatidylcholines. Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) APOE- and APOA1 levels. Together with APOE and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, plays a key role in the maturation of glial-derived, nascent lipoproteins. Required for remodeling high-density lipoprotein particles into their spherical forms.
Miscellaneous	Levels of LCAT activity correlates inversely with leptin levels as well as with obesity for a wide range of BMI values.
Ptm	O- and N-glycosylated. O-glycosylation on Thr-431 and Ser-433 consists of sialylated galactose beta 1-->3N-acetylgalactosamine structures. N-glycosylated sites contain sialylated triantennary and/or biantennary complex structures.
Similarity	Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Subcellular Location	Secreted . Note=Secreted into blood plasma. Produced in astrocytes and secreted into cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
Tissue Specificity	Expressed mainly in brain, liver and testes. Secreted into plasma and cerebral spinal fluid. Expressed in Hep- G2 cell line. {ECO
Web Resource	Name=Wikipedia; Note=Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin-cholesterol_acyltransferase";