| Comment type | Description |
|---|
| Alternative Products | Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; Name=1; Synonyms=Long; IsoId=O00763-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; Synonyms=Short; IsoId=O00763-2; Sequence=VSP_000547; Name=3 ; Synonyms=ACC2.v2 ; IsoId=O00763-3; Sequence=VSP_057081, VSP_057082; |
| Biophysicochemical Properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=120 uM for ATP ; KM=110 uM for ATP (isoform 2) ; KM=58 uM for acetyl-CoA ; KM=94 uM for acetyl-CoA (isoform 3) ; KM=6.5 mM for NaHCO3 (isoform 3) ; KM=3.0 mM for NaHCO(3) ; |
| Biotechnology | Inhibition of ACACB may prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, making the enzyme a potential pharmaceutical target for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. |
| Catalytic Activity | ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO(3)(-) = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA. {ECO |
| Catalytic Activity | ATP + biotin-[carboxyl-carrier-protein] + CO(2) = ADP + phosphate + carboxy-biotin-[carboxyl-carrier- protein]. |
| Cofactor | Name=biotin; Xref=ChEBI |
| Cofactor | Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI |
| Enzyme Regulation | Activity is increased by oligomerization. Activated by citrate. Citrate and MID1IP1 promote oligomerization. Inhibited by malonyl-CoA. {ECO |
| Function | Catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase. Involved in inhibition of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and enhancement of fat storage (By similarity). May play a role in regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation through malonyl- CoA-dependent inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (By similarity). {ECO |
| Interaction | P50747:HLCS; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-2211739, EBI-3915568; |
| Pathway | Lipid metabolism; malonyl-CoA biosynthesis; malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA |
| Ptm | Phosphorylated by AMPK, leading to inactivation of the enzyme. Required for the maintenance of skeletal muscle lipid and glucose homeostasis (By similarity). |
| Sequence Caution | Sequence=AAB58382.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Many Frameshifts and conflicts.; Evidence= ; Sequence=CAE01470.2; Type=Erroneous translation; Note=Wrong choice of CDS.; Evidence= ; |
| Similarity | Contains 1 ATP-grasp domain. {ECO |
| Similarity | Contains 1 biotin carboxylation domain. |
| Similarity | Contains 1 biotinyl-binding domain. |
| Similarity | Contains 1 carboxyltransferase domain. |
| Subcellular Location | Mitochondrion . Nucleus . Endomembrane system. Note=May associate with membranes. |
| Subunit | Monomer, homodimer, and homotetramer. Can form filamentous polymers. Interacts with MID1IP1; interaction with MID1IP1 promotes oligomerization and increases its activity. |
| Tissue Specificity | Widely expressed with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, mammary gland, adrenal gland and colon (PubMed:9099716). Isoform 3 is expressed in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver (at protein level) (PubMed:19190759). Isoform 3 is detected at high levels in adipose tissue with lower levels in heart, liver, skeletal muscle and testis (PubMed:19190759). {ECO |