Structure Database (LMSD)

Common Name
2-hydroxyglutaric acid
Systematic Name
2-oxidanylpentanedioic acid
Synonyms
  • 2-hydroxyglutaric acid
LM ID
LMFA01050483
Formula
C5H8O5
Exact Mass
Calculate m/z
148.037175
Sum Composition
FA 5:1;O3
Status
Curated
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View studies deposited in Metabolomics Workbench in which this molecule has been identified

Classification

Category
Main Class
Sub Class
Fatty Acyls [FA]
Fatty Acids and Conjugates [FA01]
Hydroxy fatty acids [FA0105]

Biological Context

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-HG) is an α-hydroxy acid. It is metabolized to 2-oxoglutarate by D- and L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases, and mutations in these enzymes lead to 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a neurometabolic disorder characterized by increased levels of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid .1,2,3 2-HG can also be metabolized from isocitrate by mutated forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2.4,5 2-HG is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate, the product of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenases, and competitively inhibits α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases and DNA hydroxylases.5,6,7

This information has been provided by Cayman Chemical

References

1. Chowdhury, R., Yeoh, K.K., Tian, Y.M., et al. The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate inhibits histone lysine demethylases. EMBO Rep. 12(5), 463-469 (2011).
2. Rzem, R., Veiga-da-Cunha, M., Noël, G., et al. A gene encoding a putative FAD-dependent L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is mutated in L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(48), 16849-16854 (2004).
3. Struys, E.A., Verhoeven, N.M., Roos, B., et al. Disease-related metabolites in culture medium of fibroblasts from patients with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, and combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Clin. Chem. 49(7), 1133-1138 (2003).
4. Struys, E.A., Salomons, G.S., Achouri, Y., et al. Mutations in the D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene cause D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76(2), 358-360 (2005).
5. Ward, P., Patel, J., Wise, D.R., et al. The common feature of leukemia-associated IDH1 and IDH2 mutations is a neomorphic enzyme activity converting α-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate. Cancer Cell 17(3), 225-234 (2010).
6. Xu, W., Yang, H., Liu, Y., et al. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Cancer Cell 19(1), 17-30 (2011).
7. Yang, H., Ye, D., Guan, K.L., et al. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in tumorigenesis: Mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. Clin. Cancer Res. 18(20), 5562-5571 (2012).

String Representations

InChiKey (Click to copy)
HWXBTNAVRSUOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi (Click to copy)
InChI=1S/C5H8O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
SMILES (Click to copy)
OC(C(=O)O)CCC(=O)O

Other Databases

KEGG ID
C02630
HMDB ID
HMDB0059655
CHEBI ID
17084
PubChem CID
43
Cayman ID
25894

Calculated Physicochemical Properties

Heavy Atoms 10
Rings 0
Aromatic Rings 0
Rotatable Bonds 4
Van der Waals Molecular Volume 133.73
Topological Polar Surface Area 94.83
Hydrogen Bond Donors 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors 5
logP -0.42
Molar Refractivity 31.02

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Updated at
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